About the Editors xi
List of Contributors xiii
Preface to the First Edition xv
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Preface to the Third Edition xix
Acknowledgments xxi
1 Anatomy and Postmortem Examination 1
Dale Smith
Avian Anatomy 1
Postmortem Procedures 38
Additional Reading 63
2 Cardiovascular System 65
Shannon L. Donahoe
Congenital Anomalies 65
Pericardial
Disease 66
Heart
Disease 69
Vascular Disease 87
Additional
Reading 94
3 Respiratory System 97
Nicole M. Nemeth and Brittany McHale
Normal Structure 97
Upper
Respiratory Disease 98
Lower Respiratory Disease 115
Additional
Reading 139
4 Gastrointestinal System and Pancreas 143
Inga Sidor
Normal Microscopic Anatomy 143
Gastrointestinal Disease 144
Beak 144
Oral Cavity 147
Esophagus and Crop 154
Proventriculus 160
Ventriculus 166
Small and Large Intestines 170
Cloaca 185
Exocrine Pancreas 188
Additional Reading 193
5 Liver 197
Carmen Fareeda Jerry
Normal Anatomy 197
Congenital Disease 197
Infectious Disease 197
Noninfectious Disease 220
Gallbladder 229
Neoplasia 229
Non-neoplastic
Epithelial Proliferative Lesions 233
Additional Reading 234
6 Urinary System 239
Anna Kokosinska
Normal Structure 239
Systemic Effects of Renal Failure 239
Renal Disease 240
Additional Reading 259
7 Reproductive System 263
Anna Kokosinska
Male Reproductive System 263
Female Reproductive System 268
Additional Reading 288
8 Endocrine System 291
Dale Smith
Pituitary Gland 291
Thyroid Glands 292
Parathyroid Glands 296
Adrenal Glands 297
Pancreatic Islets 302
Ultimobranchial Bodies 303
Carotid Bodies, Aortic Bodies, Pineal Gland, and Gastrointestinal Endocrine System 303
Additional Reading 304
9 Lymphatic and Hematopoietic System 307
Helene Pendl and Robert E. SchmidtNormal
Structure 307
Immunity 309
Disease 311
Additional Reading 338
10 Musculoskeletal System 343
Robert K. KimSkeletal
Muscle 343
Tendons and Ligaments 352
Bone and Cartilage 353
Disease of the Joints 365
Additional Reading 369
11 Nervous System 373
Jason D. Struthers and Robert E. Schmidt
Unique Anatomy of the Avian Neurological System 373
Central Nervous System 373
Peripheral Nervous System 398
Additional Reading 401
12 Integument 405
Shane Raidal
The Normal Anatomy of the Skin and Feathers 405
External Examination: Skin and Subcutis 406
Congenital and Acquired Malformations 406
Infectious Disease 408
Noninfectious Disease 422
Additional Reading 436
13 Special Sense Organs 439
Robert E. Schmidt and Jason D. Struthers
Eye 439
Ear 457
Olfactory/Taste Organs 461
Somatosensory Receptors 461
Additional Reading 462
14 Peritoneum and Mesenteries 465
Elise E. B. LaDouceur and Drury R. Reavill
Structure 465
Effusions 466
Inflammatory Disease 467
Infectious Disease 467
Noninfectious Diseases 472
Additional Reading 478
15 Doves and Pigeons 481
Jason D. Struthers
Congenital Diseases 482
Infectious Diseases 482
Non-infectious
Conditions 501
Additional Reading 509
16 Passerine Birds 513
Robert E. Schmidt
Normal Structure 513
Congenital Disease 513
Infectious Disease 514
Noninfectious Disease 540
Neoplasia 548
Non-neoplastic
Proliferative Lesions 554
Additional Reading 555
17 Raptors 563
Nicole M. Nemeth
Normal Structure 563
Congenital Malformations 563
Infectious Disease 566
Parasites 577
Noninfectious Disease 586
Neoplastic Disease 594
Miscellaneous 594
Additional Reading 596
18 Cytology 601
Helene Pendl and Peter M. Wencel
Part I: Normal Cytology 602
Part II: Diagnostic Cytology 611
Additional Reading 647
19 Advanced Diagnostics 649
Luisa H. M. Miranda, Marina Gimeno, Shannon L. Donahoe, and Robert Dahlhausen
Introduction 649
Special Histologic Stains Used as Ancillary Diagnostic Testing in Avian Species 649
Immunohistochemistry 650
In Situ Hybridization 653
Molecular Diagnostics 690
Targeted Molecular Diagnostics 691
Sequencing Technologies 701
Future Diagnostics 702
Additional Reading 709
Index 721
