List of Contributors vii

Foreword ix

Preface xi

Acknowledgments xiii

Part 1 Considerations for Locoregional Anesthesia

1 Ultrasound Guidance: The Inevitable Evolution of Locoregional Anesthesia 3
Berit L. Fischer

2 Use of Ultrasound for Locoregional Anesthesia 9
Matt Read, Micheál Ó Cathasaigh, and Luis Campoy

3 How to Document the Use of Locoregional Anesthesia in the Medical Record 31
Eric D. Brumberger and Luis Campoy

4 Local Anesthetic Pharmacology 35
Manuel Martin- Flores and Augusto Matias Lorenzutti

5 The Eye 47
Yael Shilo- Benjamini and Peter Pascoe

6 Ultrasound- Guided Blocks for the Ear 79
Luis Campoy and Jaime Viscasillas

7 Ultrasound- Guided Brachial Plexus Block (Subscalene Approach) 85
Pablo E. Otero

8 Ultrasound- Guided Brachial Plexus Block (Axillary Approach) 93
Luis Campoy

9 Ultrasound- Guided Proximal RUMM Block (Axillary Sheath) 99
Matt Read

10 Ultrasound- Guided (Distal) RUMM Block 107
Matt Read and Luis Campoy

11 The Thoracic Spinal Nerves: Overview and Functional Anatomy 113
Diego A. Portela and Marta Romano

Part 2 Locoregional Anesthetic Blocks for Small Animal Patients

12 Introduction to Fascial Plane Blocks 117
Berit L. Fischer

13 Ultrasound- Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block 127
Diego A. Portela

14 Ultrasound- Guided Intercostal Nerve Block 137
Alexander C. S. Thomson

15 Ultrasound- Guided Serratus Plane Block 145
Matt Read

16 Ultrasound- Guided Parasternal Blocks 153
Matt Read

17 Ultrasound- Guided Erector Spinae Plane Block 161
Tatiana H. Ferreira

18 Ultrasound- Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block 177
Marta Garbin

19 Ultrasound- Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block 189
Marta Romano

20 Ultrasound- Guided Rectus Sheath Block 203
Tatiana H. Ferreira

21 Ultrasound- Guided Femoral Nerve Block (Psoas Compartment Block) 213
Stephan Mahler

22 Ultrasound- Guided Femoral Nerve Block (Inguinal Approach) 223
Luis Campoy

23 Ultrasound- Guided Saphenous Nerve Block 229
Luis Campoy

24 Ultrasound- Guided Parasacral Lumbosacral Trunk Block 237
Diego A. Portela

25 Ultrasound- Guided Sciatic Nerve Block (Caudal Approach) 243
Luis Campoy

26 Ultrasound- Guided Pudendal Nerve Block in Male Cats 249
Chiara Adami

27 Ultrasound- Assisted Epidural Anesthesia 255
Matt Read, Berit L. Fischer, and Luis Campoy

28 Complications Associated with Locoregional Anesthesia 267
Berit L. Fischer and Manuel Martin- Flores

Index 287