Preface ix

List of Abbreviations xi

1 Vascular Access Techniques 1

Introduction 1

Peripheral Catheterization 4

Introduction 4

Supplies Needed 4

Indications 4

Contraindications 4

Central Venous Catheter Placement 11

Supplies Needed 11

Indications 11

Contraindications 11

Over- the- Wire Catheters (Seldinger Technique) 12

Supplies Needed 12

Indications 12

Contraindications 12

Jugular Central Through- the- Needle Catheter Placement 13

Lateral Saphenous Over- the- Wire (Seldinger) Catheter 28

Auricular Venous Catheter 36

Arterial Catheterization 40

Introduction 40

Supplies Needed 40

Indications 40

Contraindications 40

Vascular Cutdown 46

Introduction 46

Supplies Needed 46

Indications 46

Contraindications 46

Intraosseous Catheterization 55

Introduction 55

Supplies Needed 55

Indications 55

Contraindications 55

Placement of Intraosseous Catheter Placement in the Humerus 61

Intraosseous Catheterization Using the Ez- Io Device 65

Three Syringe Technique for Blood Sample Collection 69

Supplies Needed 69

Indications 69

Contraindications 69

Suggested Reading 72

2 Respiratory Emergencies: Thoracocentesis Local Anesthesia for Rib Fracture, Management of Open Sucking Chest Wounds, and Thoracostomy Tube Placement 73

Emergency Airway Access 73

Indications 73

Supplies Needed 73

Temporary Tracheostomy Tube Placement 77

Introduction and Indications 77

Supplies Needed 77

Contraindications 77

Patient Preparation 77

Tracheostomy Tube Care 84

Thoracocentesis 84

Introduction 84

Supplies Needed 85

Indications 85

Caution and Contraindications 85

Management of an Open Sucking/Penetrating Chest Wound 95

Introduction 95

Supplies Needed 95

Indications 95

Contraindications 95

Local Anesthetic Blocks for Rib Fractures or Flail Chest 98

Introduction 98

Supplies Needed 98

Indications 98

Contraindications 98

Thoracostomy Tube Placement 102

Introduction 102

Supplies Needed 102

Contraindications 103

Thoracostomy Tube – Trocar 104

Alternate Method of Thoracostomy Tube Placement Without a Trocar 108

Thoracostomy Tube Placement Using Over- the- Wire Seldinger Technique 112

Supplies Needed 112

Suggested Reading 119

3 Oxygen Supplementation and Respiratory Sampling Techniques 121

Nasal and Nasopharyngeal Oxygen Catheter Placement 121

Introduction 121

Supplies Needed 121

Indications 121

Contraindications 122

Oxygen Hood 128

Introduction 128

Supplies Needed 128

Indications 128

Contraindications 128

Transoral Wash 132

Introduction 132

Supplies Needed 132

Indications 132

Contraindications 132

Limitations 132

Suggested Reading 137

4 Pericardiocentesis 139

Introduction 139

Supplies Needed 139

Indications 139

Contraindications 139

Suggested Reading 147

5 Nutritional Support and Orogastric Lavage 149

Introduction 149

Nasoesophageal and Nasogastric Tubes 149

Introduction 149

Supplies Needed 149

Indications 150

Contraindications 150

Esophagostomy Tubes 157

Introduction 157

Supplies Needed 157

Placement of Esophagostomy Tube Using Introducer 164

Orogastric Lavage 167

Introduction 167

Supplies Needed 167

Indications 167

Contraindications 167

Suggested Reading 171

6 Urinary Catheter Placement Urohydropulsion and Temporary Antepubic Cystostomy Catheter Placement 173

Urinary Catheter Placement in Male and Female Dogs 173

Introduction 173

Supplies Needed 173

Indications 174

Contraindications 174

Urethral Catheterization in Male and Female Cats 187

Urohydropulsion 195

Introduction 195

Temporary Antepubic Cystostomy Tube Placement 201

Introduction and Indications 201

Contraindications 201

Supplies Needed 201

Suggested Reading 209

7 Abdominocentesis and Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage 211

Abdominocentesis 211

Introduction 211

Supplies Needed 211

Indications 212

Contraindications 212

Limitations 212

Diagnostic Peritoneal Lavage 216

Supplies Needed 216

Indications 216

Contraindications 216

Limitations 216

Abdominal Drainage Catheter 227

Introduction 227

Supplies Needed 227

Indications 227

Contraindications 227

Suggested Reading 234

8 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 235

Introduction 235

Supplies Needed 235

Indications 236

Supplies Needed for a Crash Cart 237

Closed- Chest CPR 240

Advanced Life Support (ALS) 246

Open- Chest CPR 253

Indications 253

Contraindications 253

Supplies Required 253

Closing the Thorax After Open- Chest CPR 259

Suggested Reading 261

9 Continuous Rate Infusions 263

Introduction 263

Pharmacokinetics 263

Calculations 264

Suggested Reading 265

10 Product Guide and Supplies 267

Index 275